A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z


the kneelsit GLOSSARY Pg.12.

medical and general terms relating to posture, sitting, musculoskeletal and back problems

ABBREVIATIONS:- Gr.= Greek; L.= Latin; Fr.= French; Ger = German; NA = Nomina Anatomica

P.(cont.)

pachymeningitis to Parkinson  -  passive to point   -    polio to pyramid

passive exercise. Muscular exercise without any effort on part of patient; accomplish by use of a machine or an assistant. SYN: passive motion; passive movement.

passive motion. Passive exercise.

passive movement. Passive exercise.

patella (pa-tel'a) [L., a small pan]. (pl. patellae] [NA] A lens-shaped sesamoid bone situated in front of the knee in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. SYN: kneecap.

patellapexy, (pa-tel'a-pek"se) [L. patella, small pan, + Gr. pexis, fixation]. Fixation of the patella to the lower end of the femur to stabilize the joint.

patellar (pa-telar). Concerning the patella. patellar ligament. The ligamentous continuation of the tendon of the quadriceps femora to extend beyond the distal portion of the patella to attach to the tuberosity of the tibia.

patellar reflex. Involuntary jerk of leg due to sudden spasm of quadriceps following percussion of patellar ligament. SYN: knee-jerk reflex. patellectomy (pat"e-lek'to-me) [" + Gr. ektome, excision]. Surgical removal of the patella.

Patelliform (pa-tel'i-form) [" + forma, shape]. Shaped like the patella.

patellofemoral (pa-tel"o-fem'o-ral). Concerning the patella and femur.

peduncle (pe-dun'kl) [L. pedunculus, a little foot]. 1. A stem or stalk. SYN: pedicle. 2. A brachium of the brain; a band connecting parts of the brain. SYN: pedunculus.

p., cerebellar, inferior. A band of fibers running along the lateral border of the 4th ventricle, connecting spinal cord and medulla with the cerebellum. SYN: restiform body.

pedunculotomy (pe-dung"ku-lot'o-me) [" + Gr. tome, incision]. Surgical section of a cerebral peduncle. This is done in treating involuntary movement disorders.

pedunculus (pe-dung'ku-lus) [L.]. Peduncle.

pelvic (pel'vik) [L. pelvis, basin]. Pert. to a pelvis, usually the bony pelvis.

pelvic bone. Os coxae, which is the hip bone. This includes the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

pelvic inlet. Upper pelvic entrance between the sacral promontory and the superior aspect of the symphysis pubis. pelvic outlet. Lower pelvic opening between the tip of the coccyx, the ischial tuberosities, and the lower margin of the symphysis pubis.

pelvic relaxation. Diminished support of the pelvic tissues and organs, esp. in the female. This is usually due to childbirth or aging. The organs affected and the pathological conditions associated with the relaxation are: bladder and cystocele; rectum and rectocele; uterus and uterine prolapse; small intestine with production of enterocele; urethra with protrusion of urethra into the vagina. Symptoms related to the organ(s) affected. Treatment is determined by the severity of the relaxation. Surgery may be required.

pelvis (pel'vis) [L., basin]. (pl. pelves). 1. [NA] Any basin-shaped structure or cavity. 2. The bony structure formed by the innominate bones, the sacrum, the coccyx, and the ligaments uniting them. The structure serves as a support for the vertebral column and for articulation with the lower limbs. ANAT: The pelvis is separated into a false or superior pelvis and a true or inferior pelvis by the iliopectineal line and the upper margin of the symphysis pubis. The circumference of this area constitutes the inlet of the true pelvis. The lower border of the true pelvis, termed the outlet, is formed by the coccyx, the protuberances of the ischia,the ascending rami of the ischia, and the descending rami of the ossa pubis and the sacrosciatic ligaments. The floor of the pelvis is formed by the perineal fascia, levator am, and the coccygeus muscles. All diameters normally are larger in the female than in the male.
p. aequabiliter justo major. Pelvis that is symmetrically larger than the standard in all its dimensions. SYN: pelvis, giant.
p. aequabiliter justo minor. Pelvis with all its dimensions uniformly smaller than the standard. SYN: p., reduced.
p., android. A female pelvis that resembles that of a male. SYN: p., masculine.
p., anthropoid. A female pelvis that is long and narrow.
p., assimilation. Abnormal pelvis in which the transverse processes of the last lumbar vertebra are fused with the sacrum; or the last sacral vertebra is fused with the coccyx.
p., beaked. Pelvis with the pelvic bones laterally compressed and pushed forward so that the outlet is narrow and long. SYN: p., rostrate; p., triradiate.
p., brachypeffic. An oval pelvis in which the transverse diameter is at least 1 cm but no more than 3 cm longer than the anteriorposterior diameter of the pelvis.
p., contracted. Pelvis in which one or more of the principal diameters is reduced to a degree that parturition is impeded.
p., Cordate. Pelvis possessing a heart-shaped inlet. -
p., Coxalgic. Pelvis deformed subsequent to hip joint disease.
p., dolichopellic. An abnormal pelvis in which the anterior-posterior diameter is greater than the transverse diameter.
p., dwarf. An aequabiliter justo minor pelvis, reduced in all its diameters and resembling an infantile pelvis. Bones usually united by cartilage. SYN: p. nana.
p., elastic. P., osteomalacic.
p., extrarenal. When there is obstruction of the uteropelvic junction of the ureter, the renal pelvis may be outside the kidney.
p., false. Portion above the iliopectineal line. SYN: p. major.
p. fissa. P., split.
p., fissured. A rachitic pelvis with ilia pushed forward so as to be almost parallel.
p., flat. Pelvis in which the anteroposterior diameters are shortened.
p., frozen. Fixation of the pelvic organs in the pelvis due to infection or neoplastic infiltration.
p., funnel-shaped. Pelvis in which the outlet is considerably contracted, but the inlet dimensions are normal.
p., giant. P. aequabiliter justo major.
p., gynecoid. The normal female pelvis.
p., halisteretic. Deformed pelvis resulting from softening of bones.
p., infantile. An adult pelvis that retains its infantile characteristics.
p., justo major. An unusually large pelvis.
p., justo minor. An unusually small pelvis.
p., juvenile. P., infantile.
p., Kilian's. P., osteomalacic.
p., kyphoscoliotic. Deformed pelvis due to rickets.
p., kyphotic. Deformed pelvis characterized by increase of the conjugate diameter at the brim with reduction of the transverse diameter at the outlet.
p., lordotic. Deformed pelvis in which the spinal column has an anterior curvature in the lumbar region.
p. major, [NA] P., false.
p., malacosteon. P., rachitic.
p., masculine. A female pelvis that resembles a male pelvis, esp. in that it is narrower, more conical, heavier boned, and with heart-shaped inlet. SYN: p., android.
p., mesatipellic. P., round.
p. minor. [NA] P., justo minor.
p., Naegele-s. An obliquely contracted pelvis in which the conjugate diameter assumes an oblique direction.
p. nana. P., dwarf.
p. obtecta. Deformed pelvis in which the vertebral column extends across the pelvic inlet.
p., osteomalacic. Pelvis distorted as a consequence of osteomalacia. SYN: p., elastic; p., rubber.
p., Otto. Pelvis in which the acetabulum is depressed. This allows the head of the femur to extend into the pelvis.
p. plana. P., flat.
p., platypellic. Pelvis in which there are short anteroposterior and wide transverse diameters.
p., Prague. P., spondylolisthetic.
p., pseudo-osteomalacic. A rachitic pelvis similar to that of a person affected with osteomalacia.
p., rachitic. Pelvis deformed from rickets. SYN: p., malacosteon.
p., reduced. P., aequabiliter justo minor.
p., renal. [NA] The expanded proximal end of the ureter. It lies within the renal sinus of the kidney and receives the urine through the major calyces.
p., reniform. Pelvis shaped like a kidney.
p., Robert's. Pelvis with an embryonic sacrum and narrowing of the transverse and oblique diameters.
p., Rokitansky. P., spcndylolisthetic.
p., rostrate. P., beaked.
p. rotunda. A tympanic depression in the inner wall, at the bottom of which is the fenestra rotunda.
p., round. Pelvis with a circular inlet.
p., rubber. P., osteomalacic.
p., scoliotic. Deformed pelvis resulting from spinal curvature.
p., simple flat. Pelvis with a shortened anteroposterior diameter.
p., small. P., justo minor.
p. spinosa. A rachitic pelvis with a pointed pubic crest.
p., split. Pelvis with a congenital division at the symphysis pubis.
p., spondylolisthetic. Pelvis in which the last lumbar vertebra is dislocated in front of the sacrum causing occlusion of the brim.
p. spuria. P., justo major.
p., triangular. Pelvis whose inlet is triangular.
p., triradiate. P., beaked.
p., true. The part of the pelvis below the iliopectineal line.

periosteous (per'e-os'te-us) [" + osteoa, bone]. Concerning, or of the nature of, periosteum. SYN: periosteal.

periosteum (per-e-os'te-um) [Gr. periosteon, [NA] The fibrous membrane that forms the investing covering of bones except at their articular surfaces. Consists of a dense external layer containing numerous blood vessels and an inner layer of connective tissue cells that, when the bone is injured, function as osteoblasts and participate in new bone formation. Periosteum serves as a supporting structure for blood vessels nourishing bone and for attachment of muscles, tendons, and ligaments. It extends over the whole surface except at the cartilaginous articulations.
p., alveolar. The periodontal ligament.
p. externum. Periosteum covering external surfaces of bones. p. internum. Interior periosteum lining the medullary canal of a bone.

periostitis (per'e-os-ti tis) [" + itis, inflammation]. Inflamed condition of periosteum, the membrane investing a bone. SYM: Pain over part, esp. under pressure, fever, sweats, leukocytosis, skin inflamed, rigidity of overlying muscles. ETIOL: Infectious diseases, esp. syphilis; also trauma.
p., albuminous. Periostitis with albuminous serous fluid exudate beneath the membrane affected.
p., diffuse. Periostitis of the long bones.
p., hemoirhagic. Periostitis with extravasation of blood under the periosteum.

periostoma (per"e-os-to'ma) [Gr. peri, around + osteon, bone, + oma, tumor]. A bony neoplasm around a bone or arising from its membranous sheath.

periostomedullitis (per-e-os-to-med-u-li-tis) [ + + L. medulla, marrow, + Gr. itis, inflammation]. Inflammation of the marrow or sheath of a bone. SYN: periosteomyelitis.

periostosis (per-os-to-sis) [ + + osis, condition]. A bony neoplasm around a bone or arising from it.

periostosteitis (per-e-os-tos-te-i-tis) [ + + osteon, bone, + itis, inflammation]. Osteoperiosteitis,

peripheral nervous system. That portion of the nervous system outside the central nervous system. Included are the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and their branches to the entire body. Also included are all sensory nerves, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.

perone (per-o'ne) [Gr. perone, pin]. The fibula.

peroneal (per"o-ne'al) [Gr. perone, pin]. Concerning the fibula. phalanges (fa-lan'jez). (sing. phalanx) [NA] Bones of a finger or toe.

phalangette (fal"an-jet'). The distal phalanx of a digit.
p., drop. Falling of the distal phalanx of a digit with loss of power to extend it when the hand is prone. This is due to trauma or overstretching of the extensor tendon.

phalangitis (fal"an-ji'tis) [Gr. phalanx, closely knit row, + itis, inflammation]. Inflamed condition of one or more phalanges.

phalanx (fal'anks) [Gr., closely knit row]. (pl. phalanges) 1. [NA] Any one of the bones of the fingers or toes. 2. One of a set of plates formed of phalangeal cells (inner and outer) forming the reticular membrane of the organ of Corti. p., distal. Phalanx most remote from the metacarpus or metatarsus. SYN: p., terminal; p., ungual; p., unguicular. p., metacarpal Any phalanx that articulates with a metacarpal bone. SYN: p., proximal. p., metatarsal. Any phalanx that articulates with a metatarsal bone. SYN:p., proximal.
p., middle. Phalanx (where there are three) intermediate between distal and proximal phalanges.
p., proximal. Any phalanx that articulates with a metacarpal or metatarsal bone. p., terminal. P., distal. p., ungual. P., distal. SYN: p., terminal.

phenylbutazone (fenil-bu'ta-zon). USP. An antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory drug originally developed for use in various forms of arthritis. Because of the possibility of serious side effects, the drug is used only when it is possible to supervise the patient carefully. Its long-term unsupervised use is contraindicated. Trade names are Azolid and Butazolidin.

phlegmasia (fleg-ma'ze-a) [Gr. phlegmasia]. Inflammation.

p. albadolens. Acute edema, esp. of the leg, from venous obstruction, usually a thrombosis. SYN: milk leg; white leg.
SYM: Usually begins with slight fever, esp. in women who have recently given birth. Pain in lower part of abdomen follows, extends to hips and back, passes under Poupart's ligament, and thence down the thigh into the calf of the leg. Sometimes proceeds from calf upwards. Whole extremity becomes excessively swollen, hot, and painful, but not red, hence the name. Tenderness on pressure most marked along course of the femoral vein, and veins of the affected region together with associated lymphatics may be felt to be hard and cordlike. Sometimes marked by faint red line. Progress is rapid, frequently doubling size of limb in 24 hours or less. Often there is difficulty in evacuating the bladder and rectum; glands in the groin sometimes swell and suppurate; and abscesses may form in different parts of the limb.

 

pia mater (pe'a ma'ter) [I,. pia, soft, + mater, mother]. A thin vascular membrane closely investing the brain and spinal cord and proximal portions of the nerves. Innermost of the three meninges. The other portions of the covering are dura mater and the arachnoid. SEE: meninges. pianists' cramp. Spasm, or occupational neurosis, of muscles of fingers and forearms from piano playing. piezogenic pedal papules (pi-e'zo-jen"ik) + gennan, to produce]. Soft painful skin colored papules present on the non-weight bearing portion of the heel. They disappear, when weight is taken off the foot and hee.Caused by herniation of fat through connective tissue defects.

plane (plan) [L. planus]. 1. A flat or relatively smooth surface. SYN: planum. 2. A flat surface formed by making a cut, imaginary or real, through the body or a part of it. Planes are used as points of reference by which positions of parts of the body are indicated. In the human subject, all planes are based on the body being in an upright anatomic position.
p., coccygeal. The fourth parallel plane of the pelvis.
p., coronal. Vertical plane at right angles to a sagittal plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions. SYN:p., frontal.
p., Hodge's. Plane running parallel to the pelvic inlet and passing through the 2nd sacral vertebra and upper border of the os pubis.
p., horizontal. Transverse plane at right angles to the vertical axis of the body. SYN: p., transverse.
p.'s, inclined, of pelvis. Anterior and posterior inclined planes of the pelvic cavity, two unequal sections divided by the sciatic spines. In the larger, anterior section, the lateral walls slope toward the symphysis and arch of the pubes; and the posterior walls slope in the direction of the sacrum and coccyx. The anterior inclined planes are the declivities over which rotation of the occiput takes place in the mechanism of normal labour.
p., median. Anteroposteriorplane dividing a body or organ into two equal and symmetrical parts. The median plane of the body is known as the mesion. p., midsagittal. Vertical plane dividing the body into symmetrical right and left halves.
p., Morton's. Plane passing through the most projecting points of the parietal and occipital protuberances.
p.'s of pelvis. Imaginary planes touching the same parts of the pelvic canal on both sides.
p.'s, parallel, of pelvis. Planes intersecting the axis of the pelvic canal at right angles. The first plane is that of the superior strait. The second plane is that extending from the middle of the sacral vertebra to the level of the subpubic ligament. The third plane is at the level of the spines of the ischia and the fourth plane is at the outlet.
p., sagittal. Vertical plane parallel to the midsagittal plane. One that divides the body into right and left portions.
p., Subcostal. Horizontal plane passing through the lowest points of the 10th costal cartilages. Lies approx. at level of 3rd lumbar vertebra.

Point. (poynt). 1. A minute spot. 2. Position in space, time or degree.
p. 's, pressure. 1. Points on the skin that, when stimulated, give rise to sensation of pressure. 2. Points where arteries come near the surface and at which pressure may be applied to stop arterial bleeding.
p., trigger. A spot at which the application of pressure will cause pain. The pain is not necessarily in the area of the pressure.